7 thoughts on “Marigold Lorikeet (Trichoglossus capistratus)”
On Romang in 2010 – I had two records only over 10? days – first was three birds flying over a camp at 320m elevation on the slopes of a well forested low mountain (700m ish), 5km N of main town of Hila. Second record was of two birds flying over as I walked up the same mountain at about 490m. I assume that they were at naturally occurring low numbers as other birds were in natural numbers including forest pigeons (* though always the chance of trapping in earlier times).
Hard to judge population based on that – but likely low at that time. <500 birds and perhaps much less. Most of island unsurveyed of course.
Atauro island – have now spent about 20 days on island since 2003. I have just three records (5 birds 2013 and 1 bird in 2017 near Beloi, lowland coastal below 100m), 6 birds at Anartutu village at 500m way back in 2003, a coauthor to a 2007 Atauro article had seen just three birds in flight on one occasion. I'm not sure of any other records, but thats a very low rate records since the early 2000s. Presumably natural, though the island was well used during Indonesian times – so always potential of mass trapping in 80-90s…
West Timor – my only records I can access easily (eBird) are records of 4 and 2 birds on the slopes of Gunung Timau at around 1450 m in 2024. Around 200 Iris Lorikeet were recorded at the same time, so the rarity of this bird is notable, and also I seem to have no other records during about 100 field days less surprisingly as much of it in highly accessible/high population areas. From Timor-Leste I see they do have a slight preference for tropical forest in lowland and mountains. I suspect there is a small populations in the Lelogama-Timau area, perhaps 100s, but would need remote fieldwork to confirm. Clearly most birds have been hoovered up in most of West Timor, and overall population is tiny. A summary of the well visited Mutis area would be instructive – they are happy in high elevation areas (Eucalyptus less so, but possibly when flowering), theres around 300-400 km2 of habitat there, most unsurveyed, but if records are sparse there it would be telling. I seem to have no records during a 2010 visit to Mutis.
In Timor-Leste – over c. 900 days have 213 records (totalling 1380 birds, ave: 5.4 birds/excluding one individual record of 250 birds) where they can be locally common from sea-level to the mountains – I guess my highest elevation records are around 1700 m. Many of my records are historical but I have had at least 41 records since 2017 (total 147 birds, mean: 3.6 birds) including interesting records of 20 birds on the north coast near Bazartete in mixed Eucalyptus/Coffee/agricultural land. They seem to have a strong preference for tropical forest such as Nino Konis Santana National Park, as well as montane tropical forest. Eucalyptus forest is extensive in lowland and montane areas of Timor-Leste but I cannot remember any use of that habitat. They do like lowland riverine forest dominated by Casuarina (the record of 250 birds at edge of Lautem in 2003) – theres a 30-40m tall undescribed Casuarina that occurs in thick groves along streams in Timor-Leste and also Wetar.
I estimate the Timor-Leste population could be 5-10,000+. Birds are captured and sold, but we have little idea of the scale, and whether birds are traded into Indonesia. Seemingly small numbers are kept in Timorese houses. No particularly noticeable decline – but needs specific attention to confirm.
Rote – I have just 3 records [4 total] in Dec 2004 of 2,2,1 birds on the northern peninsular. I possibly walked about 60km or so in remote areas, so the low rate of records at that time is notable. In 2024 I had a single record of 2 birds. Remote areas of Rote further into forest in this northern peninsula could hold a small population maybe 50-100 birds, though actually I did access about 10% of that remote forest in 2004 and had hardly any records. Possible for a small population but clearly has been subject to intense harvest.
Mees/Verheijen had no Rote records – unsurprising as Verheijen only visited the southern part of Rote – they were either always uncommon, or had been trapped out by the 1970s. Not sure if there would be much demand that early on. Remarkably Paul Jepson recorded Great-billed Parrot at Seda but had no lorikeets, so they were gone during 1990s.
Semau – most recent record seems to be 1859/Wallace. I've spent about 8 days on the island since 2012, but have no records. Likely extirpated – TBC.
In Timor-Leste, Trichoglossus capistratus is assessed as Least Concern (National) because it remains widely distributed across lowland, mid-elevation, and mountain habitats, with repeated sightings from forests, secondary forests, riverine Casuarina systems, coffee agroforestry landscapes, mixed farm vegetation, and village-edge habitats. The species ranges from coastal lowlands (0–300 m) to upland forests at about 1700 m elevation, showing a broad ecological tolerance within Timor-Leste’s landscapes.
My field observations include 104 sightings of 368 individuals recorded between December 14, 2017, and April 20, 2026. The species continues to be regularly seen across many municipalities and habitat types. The highest count was 20 individuals at Bazartete, Liquiça (23 May 2023), while most records involve small groups of 1–4 birds (average about 3–4 individuals), indicating stable local presence with naturally low-to-moderate flock sizes rather than a sign of a rapid recent decline.
My observations highlight a clear central–northern stronghold population concentrated within connected forest and agroforestry landscapes of:
• Aileu (25 sightings, 61 individuals) – including Remexio, Sarlala canopy forest, Fau-Laran, Tankae Coffee Plantation, and nearby mountain forest systems;
• Dili uplands (20 sightings, 92 individuals) – including Dare, Hornay, Laulara Ornai, Dolok Oan, Balibar, and Beloi uplands;
• Ermera (15 sightings, 57 individuals) – including Kuilese, Patete, Baura, Humboe, Rai As, and Ersoi Rematu;
• Manatuto (12 sightings, 55 individuals) – including Natar Ahu, Aubeon Forest, Uma Boko, Nu’u Naruk, Lake Modo Mahut, and We Ua hills.
These areas form the main ecological corridor and likely represent the core national population stronghold. Additional but lower-density sightings are recorded in:
• Liquiça (8 sightings, 41 individuals) – Bazartete, Kafe Leobali, Loes Forest;
• Lautem (7 sightings, 15 individuals) – Sepu Forest, Teka Octho, Sobanama, Sere rainforest;
• Manufahi (6 sightings, 17 individuals) – Lake Wetanus, Kledik, Biti Rai;
• Ainaro (5 sightings, 18 individuals) – Cablaque Hill and Hakmatek uplands;
• Cova Lima (3 sightings, 6 individuals) – Tilomar We-Ah and Haek Klaran;
• Oecusse (2 sightings, 4 individuals) – Tep Ana Area Protezida and Aos Naka;
• Bobonaro (1 sighting, 2 individuals) – Loes River estuary (Aidabaleten).
Elevation-wise, the species is most often seen at mid elevations (300–1000 m) within forest–coffee agroforestry mosaics of Aileu, Ermera, Manatuto, and Dili uplands. Lowland populations are found in Maubara, Lautem coastal zones, Oe-Cusse, and Atauro (Beloi), while fewer but consistent records are noted in upland mountain forests of Ainaro, Aileu, and Ermera above 1000 m.
Island and peripheral populations seem limited and fragmented. My sightings include a few isolated records from Atauro Island (Beloi, Anartutu area) and sparse reports from Oe-Cusse, with no records from Jaco Island, only nearby eastern Lautem coastal forests connected to mainland habitats.
Habitat use is broad, but it appears the species prefers structurally diverse forest and agroforest mosaics over pure eucalyptus stands. Birds are often seen feeding in flowering trees along forest edges, river valleys, and coffee systems, and sometimes form mixed feeding groups with other lorikeet species.
A key local pressure I identified from repeated sightings is small-scale trapping and informal bird trade in Dili and surrounding urban areas such as Becora, Fatu-Hada, Colmera, Pantai Kelapa, Timor Plaza, and Pateo. Birds are commonly sold for about USD 10–30 each or per pair, mainly juveniles caught from nearby upland and coffee-growing areas. The species is highly valued locally because of its bright color variations and loud calls, which increase demand for keeping them in cages. However, many birds seem to have low survival in captivity due to poor handling and husbandry. Based on my repeated observations, I estimate that around 10–700 birds are captured each year for local trade, though this has not been officially verified.
Despite these threats, there’s no clear sign of a widespread decline at the national level, as the species is still regularly seen across many municipalities, habitats, and elevations. Nevertheless, localized trapping, fragmented island populations, and uneven distribution outside the central–northern stronghold suggest that ongoing monitoring is essential to detect any future decrease or population changes.
We would like to contribute observations and trade-related findings from Sumba Island, Indonesia, where Burung Indonesia has been conducting fieldwork through its Sumba Programme. We hope these notes complement the records already shared from Timor-Leste and other parts of the species’ range.
Trade and trapping pressure on Sumba
In 2025, Burung Indonesia carried out an investigation into the illegal trade of Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua citrinocristata) on Sumba, focusing on trade routes through seaports, airports, and animal quarantine offices. During this work, we also gathered information on the trade of other parrot species, including the Marigold Lorikeet. Information obtained from the Waingapu Animal Quarantine Office (East Sumba) indicates that Trichoglossus capistratus is among the species frequently intercepted in their enforcement operations. In one documented case in 2020, the office prevented the smuggling of 90 individuals of T. capistratus that had been taken from the wild on Sumba. Our field team has also noted that trapping pressure on the species appears to be increasing in recent years.
Given the rising level of trapping, we believe the population is likely to be declining. However, we want to be transparent that we do not yet have sufficient evidence to quantify the magnitude of this decline, and further dedicated study is needed to confirm whether the reduction is significant at the population level.
Field observations on Sumba (2024–2025)
Despite the increasing pressure, the Marigold Lorikeet remains one of the more frequently encountered parrot species across our working sites in Central and East Sumba, compared with other parrots in the same landscapes. Group sizes typically range from 5 to 30 individuals. A summary of our observations is provided below.
Within Manupeu Tanah Daru IBA, the species is locally abundant. In Waimanu-Manurara village, three encounter points in the Pamatimakaweda forest yielded 18 to 30 individuals each, while Ubukora recorded 12 to 18 individuals and Tangairi recorded 20 to 25 individuals. In Mbilur Pangadu village, encounters were recorded at Paherulawu (5 to 8 individuals) and Loku Huma (7 to 10 individuals). Maradesa Selatan village yielded 5 to 10 individuals. In Umamanu village, La Kokur and La Ratu points produced relatively large counts of 28 to 35 individuals. Outside of our core working sites but still within the same IBA, Okawacu-Konda Maloba recorded 10 to 17 individuals.
In other IBAs, the species was reported at Dikira village (Yawila IBA) at an estimated 15 to 20 individuals based on community information, and at Padiratana in the Langgaliru landscape with 17 to 24 individuals. In non-IBA sites, Cendana Barat village still hosts the species alongside Citron-crested Cockatoo and Red-cheeked Parrot (Geoffroyus geoffroyi), and Manola village holds an estimated 7 to 12 individuals based on community reports. A small group of 7 to 10 individuals was also observed in a thin forest patch along the road toward Southwest Sumba, outside any IBA.
It is worth noting that not all sites within its expected range hold the species. In Wanokaza village within Poronumbu IBA, we have not recorded T. capistratus during our observations, although both Citron-crested Cockatoo and Sumba Eclectus (Eclectus cornelia) are present.
In summary, while Trichoglossus capistratus still appears relatively common at several sites on Sumba, it is being actively trapped for the wildlife trade, with documented interception of large numbers of wild-caught individuals at quarantine checkpoints. Our team perceives that trapping pressure is intensifying. We believe these findings warrant consideration in the reassessment, and we support increased attention to the trade pressure facing this species. At the same time, we acknowledge that a dedicated population study on Sumba would be valuable to quantify trends and inform a more robust assessment in the future.
Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to this discussion. We greatly appreciate the time and effort invested in commenting. The window for consultation is now closed and we are unable to accept any more comments until 22 May 2026. We will now analyse and interpret the information, and we will post a preliminary decision on this species’ Red List category on this page on 22 May 2026, when discussions will re-open.
Based on available information, our preliminary proposal for the 2026 Red List would be to adopt the proposed classifications outlined in the initial forum discussion. In response to the comment by Colin Trainor, the likely population size has been increased to 10,000-25,000 mature individuals. The island of Semau has also been updated to be ‘Extinct’. We are also extremely grateful to comments from J. P. Lopes and A. R. Junaid, both of which will be incorporated into updated information on threats and trade affecting this species.
There is now a period for further comments until the final deadline on 31 May 2026, after which the recommended categorisations will be put forward to IUCN.
The final 2026 Red List categories will be published on the BirdLife and IUCN websites in November 2026, following further checking of information relevant to the assessments by both BirdLife and IUCN.
Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to this discussion. We greatly appreciate the time and effort invested in commenting. The window for consultation is now closed and we are unable to accept any more comments. We will analyse and interpret the information, and a final decision on this species’ Red List category will be posted on this page on 8 June 2026.
On Romang in 2010 – I had two records only over 10? days – first was three birds flying over a camp at 320m elevation on the slopes of a well forested low mountain (700m ish), 5km N of main town of Hila. Second record was of two birds flying over as I walked up the same mountain at about 490m. I assume that they were at naturally occurring low numbers as other birds were in natural numbers including forest pigeons (* though always the chance of trapping in earlier times).
Hard to judge population based on that – but likely low at that time. <500 birds and perhaps much less. Most of island unsurveyed of course.
Atauro island – have now spent about 20 days on island since 2003. I have just three records (5 birds 2013 and 1 bird in 2017 near Beloi, lowland coastal below 100m), 6 birds at Anartutu village at 500m way back in 2003, a coauthor to a 2007 Atauro article had seen just three birds in flight on one occasion. I'm not sure of any other records, but thats a very low rate records since the early 2000s. Presumably natural, though the island was well used during Indonesian times – so always potential of mass trapping in 80-90s…
West Timor – my only records I can access easily (eBird) are records of 4 and 2 birds on the slopes of Gunung Timau at around 1450 m in 2024. Around 200 Iris Lorikeet were recorded at the same time, so the rarity of this bird is notable, and also I seem to have no other records during about 100 field days less surprisingly as much of it in highly accessible/high population areas. From Timor-Leste I see they do have a slight preference for tropical forest in lowland and mountains. I suspect there is a small populations in the Lelogama-Timau area, perhaps 100s, but would need remote fieldwork to confirm. Clearly most birds have been hoovered up in most of West Timor, and overall population is tiny. A summary of the well visited Mutis area would be instructive – they are happy in high elevation areas (Eucalyptus less so, but possibly when flowering), theres around 300-400 km2 of habitat there, most unsurveyed, but if records are sparse there it would be telling. I seem to have no records during a 2010 visit to Mutis.
In Timor-Leste – over c. 900 days have 213 records (totalling 1380 birds, ave: 5.4 birds/excluding one individual record of 250 birds) where they can be locally common from sea-level to the mountains – I guess my highest elevation records are around 1700 m. Many of my records are historical but I have had at least 41 records since 2017 (total 147 birds, mean: 3.6 birds) including interesting records of 20 birds on the north coast near Bazartete in mixed Eucalyptus/Coffee/agricultural land. They seem to have a strong preference for tropical forest such as Nino Konis Santana National Park, as well as montane tropical forest. Eucalyptus forest is extensive in lowland and montane areas of Timor-Leste but I cannot remember any use of that habitat. They do like lowland riverine forest dominated by Casuarina (the record of 250 birds at edge of Lautem in 2003) – theres a 30-40m tall undescribed Casuarina that occurs in thick groves along streams in Timor-Leste and also Wetar.
I estimate the Timor-Leste population could be 5-10,000+. Birds are captured and sold, but we have little idea of the scale, and whether birds are traded into Indonesia. Seemingly small numbers are kept in Timorese houses. No particularly noticeable decline – but needs specific attention to confirm.
Rote – I have just 3 records [4 total] in Dec 2004 of 2,2,1 birds on the northern peninsular. I possibly walked about 60km or so in remote areas, so the low rate of records at that time is notable. In 2024 I had a single record of 2 birds. Remote areas of Rote further into forest in this northern peninsula could hold a small population maybe 50-100 birds, though actually I did access about 10% of that remote forest in 2004 and had hardly any records. Possible for a small population but clearly has been subject to intense harvest.
Mees/Verheijen had no Rote records – unsurprising as Verheijen only visited the southern part of Rote – they were either always uncommon, or had been trapped out by the 1970s. Not sure if there would be much demand that early on. Remarkably Paul Jepson recorded Great-billed Parrot at Seda but had no lorikeets, so they were gone during 1990s.
Semau – most recent record seems to be 1859/Wallace. I've spent about 8 days on the island since 2012, but have no records. Likely extirpated – TBC.
In Timor-Leste, Trichoglossus capistratus is assessed as Least Concern (National) because it remains widely distributed across lowland, mid-elevation, and mountain habitats, with repeated sightings from forests, secondary forests, riverine Casuarina systems, coffee agroforestry landscapes, mixed farm vegetation, and village-edge habitats. The species ranges from coastal lowlands (0–300 m) to upland forests at about 1700 m elevation, showing a broad ecological tolerance within Timor-Leste’s landscapes.
My field observations include 104 sightings of 368 individuals recorded between December 14, 2017, and April 20, 2026. The species continues to be regularly seen across many municipalities and habitat types. The highest count was 20 individuals at Bazartete, Liquiça (23 May 2023), while most records involve small groups of 1–4 birds (average about 3–4 individuals), indicating stable local presence with naturally low-to-moderate flock sizes rather than a sign of a rapid recent decline.
My observations highlight a clear central–northern stronghold population concentrated within connected forest and agroforestry landscapes of:
• Aileu (25 sightings, 61 individuals) – including Remexio, Sarlala canopy forest, Fau-Laran, Tankae Coffee Plantation, and nearby mountain forest systems;
• Dili uplands (20 sightings, 92 individuals) – including Dare, Hornay, Laulara Ornai, Dolok Oan, Balibar, and Beloi uplands;
• Ermera (15 sightings, 57 individuals) – including Kuilese, Patete, Baura, Humboe, Rai As, and Ersoi Rematu;
• Manatuto (12 sightings, 55 individuals) – including Natar Ahu, Aubeon Forest, Uma Boko, Nu’u Naruk, Lake Modo Mahut, and We Ua hills.
These areas form the main ecological corridor and likely represent the core national population stronghold. Additional but lower-density sightings are recorded in:
• Liquiça (8 sightings, 41 individuals) – Bazartete, Kafe Leobali, Loes Forest;
• Lautem (7 sightings, 15 individuals) – Sepu Forest, Teka Octho, Sobanama, Sere rainforest;
• Manufahi (6 sightings, 17 individuals) – Lake Wetanus, Kledik, Biti Rai;
• Ainaro (5 sightings, 18 individuals) – Cablaque Hill and Hakmatek uplands;
• Cova Lima (3 sightings, 6 individuals) – Tilomar We-Ah and Haek Klaran;
• Oecusse (2 sightings, 4 individuals) – Tep Ana Area Protezida and Aos Naka;
• Bobonaro (1 sighting, 2 individuals) – Loes River estuary (Aidabaleten).
Elevation-wise, the species is most often seen at mid elevations (300–1000 m) within forest–coffee agroforestry mosaics of Aileu, Ermera, Manatuto, and Dili uplands. Lowland populations are found in Maubara, Lautem coastal zones, Oe-Cusse, and Atauro (Beloi), while fewer but consistent records are noted in upland mountain forests of Ainaro, Aileu, and Ermera above 1000 m.
Island and peripheral populations seem limited and fragmented. My sightings include a few isolated records from Atauro Island (Beloi, Anartutu area) and sparse reports from Oe-Cusse, with no records from Jaco Island, only nearby eastern Lautem coastal forests connected to mainland habitats.
Habitat use is broad, but it appears the species prefers structurally diverse forest and agroforest mosaics over pure eucalyptus stands. Birds are often seen feeding in flowering trees along forest edges, river valleys, and coffee systems, and sometimes form mixed feeding groups with other lorikeet species.
A key local pressure I identified from repeated sightings is small-scale trapping and informal bird trade in Dili and surrounding urban areas such as Becora, Fatu-Hada, Colmera, Pantai Kelapa, Timor Plaza, and Pateo. Birds are commonly sold for about USD 10–30 each or per pair, mainly juveniles caught from nearby upland and coffee-growing areas. The species is highly valued locally because of its bright color variations and loud calls, which increase demand for keeping them in cages. However, many birds seem to have low survival in captivity due to poor handling and husbandry. Based on my repeated observations, I estimate that around 10–700 birds are captured each year for local trade, though this has not been officially verified.
Despite these threats, there’s no clear sign of a widespread decline at the national level, as the species is still regularly seen across many municipalities, habitats, and elevations. Nevertheless, localized trapping, fragmented island populations, and uneven distribution outside the central–northern stronghold suggest that ongoing monitoring is essential to detect any future decrease or population changes.
We would like to contribute observations and trade-related findings from Sumba Island, Indonesia, where Burung Indonesia has been conducting fieldwork through its Sumba Programme. We hope these notes complement the records already shared from Timor-Leste and other parts of the species’ range.
Trade and trapping pressure on Sumba
In 2025, Burung Indonesia carried out an investigation into the illegal trade of Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua citrinocristata) on Sumba, focusing on trade routes through seaports, airports, and animal quarantine offices. During this work, we also gathered information on the trade of other parrot species, including the Marigold Lorikeet. Information obtained from the Waingapu Animal Quarantine Office (East Sumba) indicates that Trichoglossus capistratus is among the species frequently intercepted in their enforcement operations. In one documented case in 2020, the office prevented the smuggling of 90 individuals of T. capistratus that had been taken from the wild on Sumba. Our field team has also noted that trapping pressure on the species appears to be increasing in recent years.
Given the rising level of trapping, we believe the population is likely to be declining. However, we want to be transparent that we do not yet have sufficient evidence to quantify the magnitude of this decline, and further dedicated study is needed to confirm whether the reduction is significant at the population level.
Field observations on Sumba (2024–2025)
Despite the increasing pressure, the Marigold Lorikeet remains one of the more frequently encountered parrot species across our working sites in Central and East Sumba, compared with other parrots in the same landscapes. Group sizes typically range from 5 to 30 individuals. A summary of our observations is provided below.
Within Manupeu Tanah Daru IBA, the species is locally abundant. In Waimanu-Manurara village, three encounter points in the Pamatimakaweda forest yielded 18 to 30 individuals each, while Ubukora recorded 12 to 18 individuals and Tangairi recorded 20 to 25 individuals. In Mbilur Pangadu village, encounters were recorded at Paherulawu (5 to 8 individuals) and Loku Huma (7 to 10 individuals). Maradesa Selatan village yielded 5 to 10 individuals. In Umamanu village, La Kokur and La Ratu points produced relatively large counts of 28 to 35 individuals. Outside of our core working sites but still within the same IBA, Okawacu-Konda Maloba recorded 10 to 17 individuals.
In other IBAs, the species was reported at Dikira village (Yawila IBA) at an estimated 15 to 20 individuals based on community information, and at Padiratana in the Langgaliru landscape with 17 to 24 individuals. In non-IBA sites, Cendana Barat village still hosts the species alongside Citron-crested Cockatoo and Red-cheeked Parrot (Geoffroyus geoffroyi), and Manola village holds an estimated 7 to 12 individuals based on community reports. A small group of 7 to 10 individuals was also observed in a thin forest patch along the road toward Southwest Sumba, outside any IBA.
It is worth noting that not all sites within its expected range hold the species. In Wanokaza village within Poronumbu IBA, we have not recorded T. capistratus during our observations, although both Citron-crested Cockatoo and Sumba Eclectus (Eclectus cornelia) are present.
In summary, while Trichoglossus capistratus still appears relatively common at several sites on Sumba, it is being actively trapped for the wildlife trade, with documented interception of large numbers of wild-caught individuals at quarantine checkpoints. Our team perceives that trapping pressure is intensifying. We believe these findings warrant consideration in the reassessment, and we support increased attention to the trade pressure facing this species. At the same time, we acknowledge that a dedicated population study on Sumba would be valuable to quantify trends and inform a more robust assessment in the future.
Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to this discussion. We greatly appreciate the time and effort invested in commenting. The window for consultation is now closed and we are unable to accept any more comments until 22 May 2026. We will now analyse and interpret the information, and we will post a preliminary decision on this species’ Red List category on this page on 22 May 2026, when discussions will re-open.
Preliminary proposal
Based on available information, our preliminary proposal for the 2026 Red List would be to adopt the proposed classifications outlined in the initial forum discussion. In response to the comment by Colin Trainor, the likely population size has been increased to 10,000-25,000 mature individuals. The island of Semau has also been updated to be ‘Extinct’. We are also extremely grateful to comments from J. P. Lopes and A. R. Junaid, both of which will be incorporated into updated information on threats and trade affecting this species.
There is now a period for further comments until the final deadline on 31 May 2026, after which the recommended categorisations will be put forward to IUCN.
The final 2026 Red List categories will be published on the BirdLife and IUCN websites in November 2026, following further checking of information relevant to the assessments by both BirdLife and IUCN.
Based on online bird trade surveys and interviews with bird traders in Kupang City, it is estimated that more than 100 individuals are sold annually.
Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to this discussion. We greatly appreciate the time and effort invested in commenting. The window for consultation is now closed and we are unable to accept any more comments. We will analyse and interpret the information, and a final decision on this species’ Red List category will be posted on this page on 8 June 2026.